Improvement in pumps



Z Sheets-Sheet 1.

-F. KAHL.

'PUMPS. N0.'18Z,58Z. Patented. Sept. 26,1876.

awk 4 Z Sheets-Sheet 2.

F. KAHL.

PUMPS.

Patented s gpt. 26. 1876.

N. PETERS, PHOTO-UTHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

FRANK KAHL, OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN PUMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. [82,582, datedSeptember 26, 1876; application filed March 6, 1876.

. wood, rags, coal, ashes, &c.,are encountered,

though the pump may be employed equally as well for the pumping of anyother liquid.

Pumps of this character, as constructed heretofore, have all proved moreor less unsatisfactory and defective in theiroperation, which arisesfrom various causes. The principal ones, however, may be brieflyenumerated as follows:

First, the choking of the barrel by solid substances, such as rags,sticks of wood, &c., which become lodged or wedged therein after leavingthe induction-valve on their way to the piston-valve, or after leavingthe latter on their way to the eduction nozzle, either by reason of theshoulders formed by the piston around the inner walls of the pump, or byreason-of the difference in the diameter ofthe barrel above the piston,such difference being caused by side chambers or similar devices, whichform abrupt angles againstwhich such solid substances abut and lodge,and consequently choke up the barrel; or thismay occur in pumps of thischaracter where any space whatever is left between the walls of thebarrel and the pump-rods to enable solid substances to lodge betweensuch rods and the walls, or permit rags to Wind around said rods, whichis frequently the case.

Second, the choking and the consequent frequent bursting of the hose bysubstances as above enumerated, which have not had time to becomestraightened after leaving the piston'valve and before reaching thehose.

Third, the leakage, almost constant (and which is obvious to any casualobserver) at the several stuffing-boxes, by reason of their being inimmediate communication with the interior of the barrel, and which iscaused by the attrition of the gritty matter, such as sand,

ashes, &c., carried along by the pump-rods, and which causes theseleakages after a few operations, necessitating constant attention andrepair; and, lastly, the trouble andnail;- seating operation of takingthe pump to pieces whenever it becomes choked, or for other causes,necessitating frequently the removal of both heads to clear thebarrel-or the valves of obstructions, or for inspection of .the latter.

To obviate and remedy the difficulties above enumerated, my inventionconsists, first, in forming the pump-barrel, from a point near theeduction-oritice of the induction-valve to the eduction-nozzle, of equaldiameter, so as'to produce a smooth unbroken line for the passage of thesemi fluid matter and the solid substances which may be mixed therewith.

Second, in constructing the piston in such a manner that itscircumference at the induction-port shall form a knife-edge working infrictional contact Withthe interiorwall of the barrel, the innercircumference of said induction-port being bell-mouthed or conical, thusforming an easy-passage to the induction-port of the valve carried bysaid piston, and also to avoid a circumferential shoulder orprojection,against which solid substances canilodge, and by reason of the curvatureof the induction-portof thepiston any solid substance of any length isstraightened with the current before reaching the induction port of thevalve.

Third, in connecting the arms orshanks of the bail to the periphery ofthe piston-head, so that they shall work on a line with the center oraxis of the barrel, and practically in frictional contact with itsinterior Walls, said arms or shanks being constructed in the form of atruncated triangle in cross-section, having their base or their broadface made tofit the innerwall of the barrel; or, in other words, thebroad face in contact with the Walls of the barrel is curved so as tocorrespond exactly to that portion of thearc described-by the interiorwall of the barrel where said-shanks are located.

Fourth, in contracting the diameter ofthe barrel below or behind theeduction-oritice of the induction-valve, for the purpose of reducingwhat is ordinarily called the dead-water area, which, in pumps of thischaracter, is

necessarily great by reason of the peculiar construction and length ofthe valves necessary for this kind of service.

Fifth, in the construction of a water-chamber, by means of which theworking parts of the pump are isolated from the pump-barrel,

and so arranged that but one outer stuffingbox is needed, which is notin immediate communication with, but entirely isolated from, the viscousmatter, so that all danger of nauseatin g leakages is avoided.

Sixth, in providing the eduction-head with a long, or comparativelylong, eduction-nozzle, whose axis shall lie at an angle to the axis ofthe pump-barrel, the eduotion-head being conical or dome-shaped, thewalls of the eduction-nozzle forming practically a continuation of thecurve of the head, for the purpose of forming an easy outlet for thematter, and also to enable solid substances of any length to becomestraightened with the current before reaching the hose; and, by formingthe eduction-nozzle at an angle to the axis of the pump, the latter maybe worked when either in a horizontal or inclined position.

Seventh, in the peculiar construction of the eduction-head andwater-chamber, whereby small chambers are formed, through which the armsof the'bail pass into the pump-barrel, and which serve as stuffing-boxesto receive metallic linings.

Eighth, in providing hand-holes for the purpose of inspecting theinterior mechanism of the pump at any time Without removing either ofthe heads.

But that my invention may be fully understood, I will proceed todescribe the same in detail by aid of the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figures 1 and 2 are an elevation and a perspective view, showingthe manner of mounting the pump. Fig. 3 is a section of the pump throughline as a; of Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a similar View through line 51 {1 ofFig. 3. Fig. 5 is plan view of the cylinder-head, and Fig. 6 is asimilar view of the eduction-head and water-chamber with the topremoved.

The pump may be mounted on an ordinary baggage-truck or other truck, asshown by Fig.

2, and for this purpose the barrel is provided with transversesupporting plates or feet a through I prefer to mount it, as shown byFig. 1, on trunnions formed or affixed to the barrel. These trunnions ahave their bearings either on the axle itself or on the two parallelside pieces or checks a a the end of the pump resting on a transversebar, a". I prefer this mode of mounting for the reason that the pump maybe worked with greater advantage I in a horizontal position, or even ina position With the eduction-nozzle depressed, in localities where thereceiving tank or barrel cannot' cities. Another advantage in mountingthe pump on trunnions and employing suitable mechanism to elevateor'depress its rear endconsequently depress or elevate theeduct-ionnozzle-is that the angle of inclination of the pump may then beregulated at will, or to suit the particular locality where it has to beemployed; and to that effect I employ the ordinary mechanism adapted" toordnance, the screw, however, being provided with a halfcollar, a", inwhich the rear end of the pumpbarrel rests so as to give it a firmbearing, though the collar may be dispensed with.

A represents the barrel of the pump, of an equal interior diameter froma point, a, beyond or behind the eduction-orifice or mouth of theinduction-valve B to the eduction-head or bonnet of the barrel. From thepoint a to the opposite end or induction-head a the barrel is madetapering or conical-that is to say, its interior diameter is contractedgradually from the point a to the extremity a, in order to reduce whatis commonly called the deadwater area, which in pumps of this characteris necessarily much greater than the area would be in a pump for pumpingpure liquids, by reason of the length and peculiar character of thevalves employed. 7

This reduction of the dead-water area or chamber is of importance, as itwill not adunit of sufficient quantities of solid matter to impair thefunctions of the valve, the matter being passed through the pump withgreater facility than it would be if the interior diameter behind saidvalvewere equal to the interior diameter of the pump. head and valve Bare connected to the barrel of the pump inany approved or preferred Imanner, and the former is provided with an induction-nozzle, M, to whichan induction-hose may be coupled in the usual. manner. 0 is theeduction-head or bonnet, which is domeshaped or conical, as shown by thedrawings, and has a water-chamber, E, of elliptical or nearly ellipticalshape, bolted or otherwise affixed thereto, or formed thereon,for thepurpose of receiving the bail or yoke F, and its connections, to isolatethem from contact with the viscous matter. (More fully explained here'-inafter.) The back wall or floor e of said chamber is perfectlyhorizontal or level, so that when in position on the dome of theeduction-head said back wall 0 and the outer face of the dome will formchambers 0 between them, through which pass the shanks or arms f of theyoke or bail F, the back wall of said chamber, and the dome of thebonnet having suitable apertures formed therein for the purpose, thusforming stuffingboxes to receive metallic lining or packing, or othersuitable packing com fletelyisolated from the exterior of the pump bythe intervening chamber E, and the only stuffing-boxes in directcommunicationwith the interior of the barrel. Hence, should a leakageoccur, the viscous matter could never find its way to the exterior ofthe pump, and cause nauseous emanations during The inductiontheoperation. This arrangement and construction are clearly shown by Fig.4..

The head 0 is further provided with a long eduction-nozzle, 0, whoseaxis lies at an angle to the axis of the pump-barrel, for permittingegress to the matter with equal facility, whether the pump is worked ina horizontal or inclined position. i

The eduction-orifice from a point, e, of the dome curve is constructedso as to form, practically, a continuation of said curve-that is to say,the edges of the orifice are not abrupt, but form a natural and easycurve into the nozzle 0, which is gradually contracted toward its outerend, which latter is provided with the necessary means to couple a hosethereto, as fully shown by Fig. 3.

By giving the interior wall of the head 0 a dome shape, and by givingthecurvature to the entrance into the nozzle, no shoulder or abruptprojection or angle is left, ainst which solid substances may lodge;but, on the contrary, the nature of the curvature will lead or guidesuch solid substances 'into the nozzle, and by giving the latterincreased length and slight taper such substances, when of any length,will become straightened before reaching the eductiou-hose. Therefore,should by any means an obstruction occur, this would necessarily takeplace in the eduction-nozzle, and thereby all danger of bursting ofthehose is avoided.

D is the piston, the interior surface of its induction-port beingbell-mouthed and tapering down to a knife-edge, as shown at cl, Figs. 3and 4, the said interior surface forming a gradual and easy curve towardthe inductionport of the valve B. By this means there is nocircumferential shoulder formed by said piston of sufficient thicknessto admit of any solid substance lodging against it and impairing itsfunctions.

The nature of the curvatureof the inner face of the induction-port ofsaid piston will guide the semi-fluid matter to the valve, and alsostraighten any solid substance before entering said Valve, thusobviating and effectually guarding against the choking of said valve.The piston D works in frictional contact with the walls of the barrel,and is pro-' vided with a shoulder, d fitting into a correspondingdepression formed in the head at, thus forming a circumferentialledge'or recess between said piston D and head d, for the reception ofthe ordinary cup or other preferred packing, which is secured inposition by any usual or preferred means.

' The induction-head and piston are each pro vided with one of myimprovedvalves B B, for which I obtained Letters Patent under dateofJanuary 4, 1876, No. 171,817, and need,

therefore, no further description here, though i any other preferredvalves may be employed. F is the ball or yoke, to which the mainpump-rod G is connected, or formed thereon, said bail beingprovided withtwo arms or shanks, ff, connected to the periphery of the piston-head deither by dovetailin g or by recessing said piston-head, or in any othersuitable manner, so that their outer faces shall be flush with theperiphery of said head,which may be provided with vertical recessedshoulders or ears (1*, to which the arms f may be bolted, asshown byFig. 4.

Instead of employing the ordinary round rods I employ truncatedtriangular rods or shanks, their broadest outer face being curved to fitthe interior wall of the barrel, and thus work practically in frictionalcontact with said interior wall.

The advantages of this construction are obvious, and consist as follows:First, the space occupied by such rods is considerably diminished, asthey project but very little toward the axis of the barrel; secondly,their broad face in close contact with the walls of the barrel preventsany solid substance, such as wood,

and especially rags and straw, to get between them and the wall: of thebarrel, and by the motions of the shanks become wound around the'latter,as is frequently the case in pumps of this character, when the ordinaryround rod is employed; and, lastly, shanks of greater strength andsmaller diametercan be employed, as in the case of round rods, which, atall events, owing to their configuration,

will leave a wedge-shaped recess between themselves and the walls of thebarrels, no matter how closely such round rods may be located to saidinterior walls. The yoke or bail F is located inthe waterchamber E ofthe bonnet or eduction-head O, and its arms pass down into the barrel ofthe pump through the chambers 6 formed by the .bottom or floor e of saidchamber, with the outer face of the dome of the head (1, as abovedescribed, and the main rod Gr passes out through a stuffing-home,formed on the water-chamber E in such a position that said rod will liein the line of the axis of the barrel A, and work centrally, while theshanks of the bail are connected to the periphery of the piston-head onopposite sides thereof, in

a line parallel with the axis of the barrel. The rod G has the ordinaryconnections, and is operated by a forked brake, H, as shown by Fig. 1.

When the pump is started for operation the chamber E is filled withwater, said chamber being provided with a serewplug, 6 or cock orequivalent device for filling the same, and when desired the water isagain removed by a pet-cock or screw-plug, (not shown in the drawings,)with which'the chamber E is provided.

To further guard against nauseous leakage,

. the water may be disinfected by mixing there-.

with any of the well-known disinfectants.

It will be obvious that by this arrangement of water-chamber andstuffing-boxes e a nox- ,ious leakage at the outer stuffing-box e isimpossible, or nearly so, and the wear of the latter is comparativelysmall--not more than in ordinary pumpsas no gritty matter, such as ashesor sand, can be carried into said stuffingbox.

I have here described a water-chamber having one outer stut'fing-box, 6though it is obvious that the same resultabsence of nauseatiugleakagesmay be attained by forming two chambers, one for each arm of thebail F. This necessarily requires two outer stufiingboxes instead ofone, as above described; but

' in this case one single brake-lever, to operate the pump, may beemployed, or the forked lever, if preferred.

Of course it will be understood that when two chambers are employed eachwill be provided with the necessary means for filling the same withwater, and for emptying the chambers when required.

In order to afford ready access to the interior of the barrel, I providetwo hand-holes, L, one above the induction-valve, and the other abovethe limit of the downward stroke of the piston. Their covers or plugsare secured in position in. any suitable manner, though in pumps of thischaracter I prefer to secure them by means of bolts 1, as shown. Thelower faces of these plugs or covers are flush with the interior wall ofthe pump-barrel, and are slightly curved, so as to form practically apart and portion of said barrel,

- and thus form no shoulders or other irregularity in the innerconfiguration of the walls, to obstruct in any manner the passage of thematter.

The valves B B are connected to the induction-head and piston in suchmanner that their ports will lie in the line of the axis of thepumpbarrel, to facilitate the passage through the latter to theeduction-nozzle.

Instead of forming the water-chamber E elliptical or elongated in shapeit may be formed tubular, and when two chambers, one to each shank ofthe bail, are employed, I prefer the tubular form.

Having now described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patcut, is

1. A pump-barrel having its interior of equal diameter from a pointslightly in rear of the eduction port or mouth of the induction-valve tothe bonnet or cap of the barrel, and its lower interior portion behindsaid point tapering or decreasing'in diameter, for the purpose ofreducing the dead-water area, and produce an unobstructed and smoothinterior surface throughout the length of the barrel, substantially asdescribed, for the purpose specified. 2. In combination with thehand-holes of a pump-barrel, the covers or plugs so constructed thattheir inner or lower surface shall be flush with, and of theconfiguration of, the interior wall of the barrel, so as to formpractically a part and portion of said interior wall of the barrel,substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.

3. In a pump especially adapted for the pumping of semi-fluid or viscousmatter, as set forth, the combinatiomwith the barrel of the pump, of aneduction-nozzle of comparatively great length, so constructed that itsaxis shall lie at angle to the axis of the barrel, substantially asdescribed, and for the purpose specified.

4. In a pump, the combination, with the barrel and cap or bonnet, of awater chamber or chambers, to receive the yoke or bail and itsconnections,substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination of a dome-shaped head or bonnet of a pump-barrel witha water chamber or chambers, so connected that the bottom or back wallof said chamber or chambers shall form receptacles or chambers, orstuffing-boxes 6 for the passage of the arms of the bail into thebarrel, said dome and bottom or back walls being provided with suitableapertures for the purpose, substantially as described, for the purposespecified.

6. The combination, with the water chamber or chambers,- of thestuffing-boxes 6 6 and suitable screw-plugs and pet-cocks, or theirequivalent, as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a pump, the piston having its induction-port formed bell-mouthed,and the edges thereof tapered to a knife-edge, or practically so, andhaving a circumferential flange or shoulder, d, in combination with apistonhead, al having a corresponding circumferential shoulder or offsetto fit the depression in the piston, substantially as described, and forthe purpose set forth.

8. The combination, with the pump-barrel, of a piston and piston-head,and the arms of a bail or yoke, said arms being connected to theperiphery of the piston-head on. opposite sides, and on a line parallelwith the axis of said pump-barrel, in such "manner as to work infrictional contact, or practically so, with the interior walls of saidbarrel, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

9. The combination, with a pump-barrel, of a piston, constructed asdescribed, and a recessed piston-head, and the arms or shanks of a bail,said arms orshanks being of a truncated triangular shape incross-section, and having their outer or broadest surface convex to fitthe concave surface of the interior wall of the barrel, substantially asdescribed, and

for the purpose specified.

10. The combination, with the piston of a pump, constructed asdescribed, of the pistonhead, having vertical recessed shoulders orcars, to receive the angular-shaped arms of the bail upon its periphery,so that said arms shall be flush with the latter, and practically infrictional contact with the interior walls of, the pump-barrel, asdescribed, and for the purpose specified.

11. In a pump for pumping viscous or semifluid matter, as set forth, thecombination of the barrel, the dome-shaped head, the waterchamber, thestuffing-boxes e 0 and the elongated eduction-nozzle, with the piston,the bail and bail-arms, and the pump-rod, substantially as described,for the purpose set forth.,

12. A pump, the barrel of which is provided In witness that I claim theforegoing I have with trunnions, and mounted on a hand or hereunto setmy hand this 29th day of Februother truck, in combination with suitablemech- 'ary, 1876.

anism for raising or depressing its induction FRANK KAHL. or lower endto work the pump either in a hor- Witnesses:

izontal position or at any inclination required CHAS. A. HENNIGHAUSEN,

or desired, substantially as set forth. CHAS. LUNDIN.

